Social, environmental, and economic consequences of integrating renewable energies in the electricity sector: a review

Abstract The global shift from a fossil fuel-based to an electrical-based society is commonly viewed as ecological improvement. However, the electrical power industry major source of carbon dioxide emissions, and incorporating renewable energy can still negatively impact environment. Despite rising research in energy, consumption on environment poorly known. Here, we review integration energies into electricity sector social, environmental, economic perspectives. We found that implementing solar photovoltaic, battery storage, wind, hydropower, bioenergy provide 504,000 jobs 2030 4.18 million 2050. For desalinization, photovoltaic/wind/battery storage systems supported by diesel generator reduce cost water production 69% adverse environmental effects 90%, compared full fuel systems. potential emission reduction increases with percentage sources utilized. photovoltaic/wind/hydroelectric system most effective addressing climate change, producing 2.11–5.46% increase generation 3.74–71.61% guarantee share ratios. Compared single systems, hybrid are more reliable better equipped withstand impacts change supply.